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ǻһУֻǾ¡ʿٴз

ߣhooklee

״µ˵ˡһдɲءƺֱ˵ζ
ʵֻǾ£״ɲؾñ˶㡰һСˡ״
ñ˵ҲвԵĵطӭָ˵ľ
Ҳܡ˿ģĿ֪Ϊ
ۡ

԰״µٴᵽļһ𸴡

==1. ʿݵ==

ʿ26ݵ˵ʵǱ˵ĸ˿ۺͷܶϷ
Ĺٷ˵ǰϣʿվҲȷ˵26
ݵģοhttp://www.admin.ch/org/polit/index.html?lang=en
۵㣨ҪǸٿȫ飩״ȻԼԼĹ۵㣬
Ϊʿ˵26ɵġϣ״۶ƺ
ӦǱˣswissworld.orgվĵġĵ
ҳı༭swissinfoվı༭ʿվı༭Լ
ٿȫ׫дشĹѣЩӦôʿ˰ɣ
ʵϣ˲ǷҪ״ȥǰ״26
˵Ǵģý˵ʿ26ݣǲԵģǰѰ
һݡֻͼ˵ʿ26ݵ˵һҲǴģ
ѾΪĿǰͳ

Ϊ˽һ˵23ݡ26˵ݱ䣬ߵøԶһ㣬Ƚһ
ʿܷ;ܷѧѧоվоɵ
ʿܷȫģ1999420հ棩
http://www.rwi.uzh.ch/lehreforschung/alphabetisch/kaufmann/cont/aBV_19
99.pdfеĵһԭ¼£ͷϴa/oΪae/oe
棬򵥵ķ룩

Erster Abschnitt: Allgemeine Bestimmungen
һ£
Art. 1 иע2˵˸1978924յȫ񹫾
197911Ч 
һ

Die durch gegenwaertigen Bund vereinigten Voelkerschaften der 
dreiundzwanzig souveraenen Kantone, als: Zrich, Bern, Luzern, Uri, 
Schwyz, Unterwalden (ob und nid demWald), Glarus, Zug, Freiburg, 
Solothurn, Basel (Stadt und Landschaft), Schaffhausen, Appenzell 
(beider Rhoden), St. Gallen, Graubnden, Aargau, Thurgau, Tessin, 
Waadt, Wallis, Neuenburg, Genf und Jura, bilden in ihrer Gesamtheit 
die Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft. 
ʿ23Ȩɵģ, , ¬, , 
ʩά, ߶ (²), ³˹, , ﱤ, ͼ, 
 (), ɳɭ, ߶ (), ʥ, ͱ, 
, ͼ, ŵ, , , ɳ̩, ߺ

1999418վȫ񹫾ͨġ200011տʼЧʿ
ܷһȫ޶ӣ

1. Titel: Allgemeine Bestimmungen
һ֣
Art. 1 Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft
һʿ

Das Schweizervolk und die Kantone Zrich, Bern, Luzern, Uri, 
Schwyz, Obwalden und Nidwalden, Glarus, Zug, Freiburg, Solothurn, 
Basel-Stadt und Basel-Landschaft, Schaffhausen, Appenzell Ausserrhoden 
und Appenzell Innerrhoden, St. Gallen, Graubnden, Aargau, Thurgau, 
Tessin, Waadt, Wallis, Neuenburg, Genf und Jura bilden die 
Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft.
ʿݹʿ, , ¬, , ʩ
ά, ߶Ǻ߶, ³˹, , ﱤ, ͼ, 
Ͱ, ɳɭ, Ⱒ߶ڰ߶, ʥ, ͱ, 
, ͼ, ŵ, , , ɳ̩, ߺ

ܷĽбȽϣԷʵ1) ܷɾ
˾ܷС23Ȩݡ˵2) ٰܷ6ݷڶӦȫݵ
棬Ǻһ˳г⣬ܷĵ7273
123жHalbkantoneݡʣܷ
ȫ߳ĶDie Kantone Obwalden, Nidwalden, 
Basel-Stadt, Basel-Landschaft, Appenzell Ausserrhoden und Appenzell 
Innerrhoden룺߶ǣ߶ǣУ壬Ⱒ
߶ڰ߶ݣܷУHalbkantoneֻг֣
ָЩǰİйء¾ܷĶԱȷǳñܷǶ
ȷʵѾΪʷʡţ1999ܷЩĶ23ݱ
Ϊ26ݵĸԭ

״µ˵ݵͶƱȨսڶܷĹ涨
99֮涨ͱ˽һӢά
ٿSwiss Federal Constitutionʷظﲿ֣һսĵ
ܷ1848ʿֻܷ1848ܷ1874ܷ
1999ܷܷǵʱ汾޲û
ġʵϣǰõ1999420հʿܷȷд
švom 29. Mai 1874 (Stand am 20. April 1999)1874529գ
1999420а汾18741999֮ʿܷȫ޶
ҳҵhttp://www.verfassungen.de/ch/verf74-2.htmڶ
ݵͶƱȨǴ1848һܷʼȷ涨ġ1848ܷȫĿ
ҵhttp://www.verfassungen.de/ch/verf48.htmܷ69
ȫ£

Art. 69.

Der Staenderath besteht aus 44 Abgeordneten der Kantone. Jeder 
Kanton waehlt zwei Abgeordnete; in den getheilten Kantonen jeder 
Landestheil einen Abgeordneten.
Ժ44ϯÿѡ2λԱɵÿѡ
1λԱ

1874ܷ801848ܷ69ȫֻͬ1979Juraݳ
Ա44޶Ϊ46

Graubndenݵ˽˵ʵǰ˵
ûвɡڱ˵ĵһƪ棬õӢάٿƵ˵
GraubndenݣԵΪswissworld.orgİ
ȷʵᵽͱʹԣֱǵ
7Եҳ棬ֻᵽԡ
swissworld.orgİ˵ȷʵ׼ȷҲǸ
Ҳҳı༭˿ںٵķȺӦöǷҲ
ȥˡΪһϷḻṩ8ֲͬ԰汾ĹٷվеСû
ʲôɴСֵģЩͨο֤Ϣ׼ȷԡ
״˶ȫ滳swissworld.orgվϵȨˣ˿
ɲءѸվİı༭ԣϣ󣨻˵׼ȷ
˵ܵõ

==2. Eidgenosse==

˾ǣ״ӦEidgenosseƴΪEidgenoesse
򡶶ǸʽǵĻDDľһֻܽͣΪıʾʽ
ƣáoeͷoνġoľءǿԵġ
ǣEidgenosseеoͷû㡣עⱾ˵ĲETHе
eidgenoessischeݴʣеoͷȷ㣬Eidgenosse
ݴʻɵı

Eidgenosseĺ壬״ǰ˵ǡEidgenoesseԭָ
ġϴʵ˼Ӧǡѡ+ͬ־Eid
ʵ˼ǡԡʣEidgenosseϴ˵ǡ
ġǶʣûͬ־ѵһ뺬壩˾ȻǷ
סǱˡôʺı˼

==3. ӡŷϵ==

ǰжնĽʵֻάٿȫش˵
ѧͨʶӡŷϵķ࣬״˵Ȼ
ûǺͱ˵һ㶼ͻΪ塱ʵǡ
塱ͬʡάٿơ塱ƪ£

壬壬ӡŷϵǴ
ִ壬Ҫݻִԡ
ҪͳϵġŷˡԪǰĹ۹߽֮
ԭͳһҲĲͬ෽ԡЩԾǽ
ԵĳΡ

ӢάٿRomance languagesĿƪ£

The Romance languages (sometimes referred to as Romanic languages, 
or Neolatin languages) are a branch of the Indo-European language 
family comprising all the languages that descend from Latin, the 
language of ancient Rome. They have more than 700 million native 
speakers worldwide, mainly in the Americas, Europe, and Africa, as 
well as many smaller regions scattered throughout the world.

==4. ʿǩ֤==

״עⱾƪµĴǣеһΪ
ԵĹңȻֻṩǩ֤񡣡

ŵʿֻṩǩ֤ǰ״
ǩ֤״ʱֻҵ汾ǩ֤ҲΪ
԰汾ıǡùأҲֻǰ״ǩ֤ĳһ
أ״ȤӭṩһϢǿٺúоһ
ʿǷֻṩĵǩ֤ٴֻ꣬Ϊ֪״
Ҫ᱾̧ܡ

==5. VolksinitiativeƣReferendumsvorlagen
飩==

ܱǸϴεȷʵûаȫ18ռ10
ǩȷʵVolksinitiativeƣμ
http://www.swissworld.org/de/politik/politische_rechte/volksrechte/
ǰ״VolksinitiativeȴڽReferendumsvorlagen
һʲôߣͨʲôɣòͷΪ
ơ͡񸴾ڣǰǹҪ·
ǹͨĳɻ߾ʾ顣õʱ
ǩǲͬģǰ1810ǩ1005ǩ

==6. ʿҵλ==

ʱʿһңȷʵǸ˵УдԵ
1291ݽˡ1815άҲɻȷʿλ
1848ܷͨ/һִʿʼ1848꣬ʿ
վϹThe Federal Stateôһν
http://www.admin.ch/org/polit/index.html?lang=en

Switzerland is made up of 26 states known as cantons. They are the 
states that originally united in 1848 to form the Confederation, to 
which they each relinquished part of their sovereignty.

Ҫ˵ʿɫһᵽ18481874ʿܷ
ܷ1874ܷȫ񹫾ƶȺ1891빫Ȩ
󣬲γʿԡֱΪҪɫķʽƶȡܶ
ʿȻ˵Լ700ͳҪ˵ʿɫ
ǲ׷ôԶʵϣռʿ֮ǰ󲿷ݵʿͨ
ûжȨġ磬ӢάٿƵObwalden߶ǰݣ
ʷDuring Napoleon's occupation between 1798 and 
1803 Obwalden lost its independence, but, for the first time, ordinary 
people gained fundamental political rights.ȻǸܸӵĻ
⣬Ǳһרҵʿ仰˵ģҹ֮Ҳ״
֮

==7. ίԱѡٵĸƽ==

״˵ˡоʿȫ˼Ȼʵؿ
ҪǶԸƶȵо»Ȩ׸ɿǰ
õĿɲʲôͨסswissinfoվʿ
Ƚܺʿܷģ5Federal Authorities3Federal 
Government and Federal AdministrationһOrganisation and Procedure
175Composition and ElectionЩѾ̶ͨƶ
ǲܴѧġ״˵ҲǸʱ򣬲֪ʿ
ίԱѡ٣ֱӣǼӲġʵȫͿ
֪ίԱǼѡܷ175ȷ涨The members of 
the Federal Government shall be elected by the Federal Parliament 
after each full renewal of the House of Representatives.

ʿܷ175ȫ4涨ѡµίԱ
ʱӦʿڸƽ⣬ܷûӲԹ涨κϵ
ơ1999ȫ񹫾شƽ֣ĳһ
ڽ7˵ίԱӵвֹ1λίԱίԱƽ⣬
swissinfo.orgվġҵΡҳһǳĽ
http://www.swissinfo.org/chi/country_profile/detail.html?siteSect=26
05&sid=6169115&cKey=1191416774000&ty=stŴҿԺͻ
зǳ˽ˣ

ͬһݲһϳԱڸķѾֹˣ
طľʤȴ֤ڸɱԡڽ̺ɷֵı
ЭһĵĹ涨ݨDD(Zurich)(Bern)
(Vaud)DDռϯλζ(Geneva)
ݣʿйȴܳ겻ᡣͬ
Ѿûдڸŵ(Ticino)κκ
ѡ˽ڸĻὫӡ涨һɲġ(Zurich)
ھλԱĪġ(Moritz Leuenberger)
Լն(Blocher)һЩʿΪԱֻɹѡǲ
۹ѡڸԱһЩ͵Ŭһ
¶ء÷(Ruth Metzler)ѡͲն(Blocher)ζ
ҡκı䶯СػȨٶǣ浽ѡ
Խڸ

پ״һµĴDreifussŮʿʿһλŮίԱ
ǵڶλʿίԱб
http://www.admin.ch/ch/e/cf//br/index2.htmlԿRuth 
DreifussίԱʱ1994ꡫ2002
http://www.admin.ch/ch/e/cf//br/105.htmlһλŮίԱ
Elisabeth Koppְʱ1984ꡫ1989
http://www.admin.ch/ch/e/cf//br/98.html4λŮίԱֱǣ
Ruth Metzler-Arnold19992003Micheline Calmy-Rey2003񣩡
Doris Leuthard2006񣩡Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf2008񣩡6λ
ǵĿǰΪֹʿе/ŮίԱ

==8. ʿ==

״ƺ˱˵˼ǰµ˼˵ʿܷ
涨Ĺߣǹĸ˹۵㡣ԳκԼι۵
ԷҪʿҲǸӻ
߼˶ﱣߣԼ˼ɣֻҪΣ
ʵΪҾȨ档ֻҪʿܷ޶
ԶʿҵĻߡھĹִߣ
ȻʱıǨƵԼ۵ı仯仯
ǰΪϹߣôʿͲ롣ڴ
תΪϹ߲ͻôʿͼˡ󲿷
ʿֱΪϹΥˣʿ˳˿
ߺ͹˼֮ʲôìܡ

==9. бܷ==

ǰûᵽбܷ˰֮Ĺϵֻᵽбܷ
ʿЧ˹ڸ÷˰Ĺϵ˺Ͱ״Ӧûʲô
۵ġֻ򵥵ṩһصϢ

бܷľûо֪ԭ򣺱
ػֻӵ㹻ط֤ݵ£ſҪϽָ
˵ϡμswissinfo.orgվ½
http://www.swissinfo.org/chi/swissinfo.html?siteSect=881&sid=1394537


ʿɣֻڵֻصķʱ͸¶Щܡ
˰ʿǷΪʿЭᷢǿ˵ʿԲ
˰еľ󲿷ֹ˿ͣʿˣǳʵĹ˿ͣ
Ƕ˰ϧʿбܷ˽Ȩ

ʿվҲжбܷƽ
http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/topics/finec/bank.html

Swiss banking secrecy protects the privacy of bank clients. But 
its validity is not unlimited. If there are suspicions of criminal 
activities such as terrorism, organized crime, money laundering or tax 
fraud, it is lifted C and the authorities are given access to banking 
information.

It is not lifted in cases of tax evasion. This is countered by 
means of a 35% withhholding tax and other measures (e.g. as part of 
the tax-assessment procedure). This withhholding tax is the highest of 
all the member countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation 
and Development (OECD). One loophole has been closed by the agreement 
with the European Union (EU) on the taxation of savings interest. This 
imposes a tax retention on all interest income from foreign sources 
accruing to natural persons resident for tax purposes in an EU member 
state.

==10. ڱǰĵһһ׼ȷ==
ڡʿݵзȶһйJuraݵ
۲ᵽ1848άҲɻ󱻺ϲʿĲBern
ġ˴άҲɻ1815꣬1848꣬ʿ
ܷʩеݡ߱ʾǸ⡣ԵĻҲ뷽һ
ƪеݡ

⣬ڡзµʿٳһе
TicinoۣTicinoǸԵڴʣη
룬֡仰۲ȷ״20080203
뷨ݡȻǱ׼뷨ȷʵǸݵдTessinǸ˫
ڴʣĺ롣ڸݣչӦ
Ticinoк룬˹ٷ뷨ڵġŵ

(XYS20080217)

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